How are household energy systems assessed?

Household energy systems comprising solar photovoltaics arrays and battery energy storage systems are assessed using time-series consumption and generation data, determined by combining a validated demand model, marginal emissions factor calculations, storage system models, and assumptions regarding the future grid.

Can a photovoltaic system save energy?

The household with just a photovoltaics array and no battery storage could increase total electricity costs by £2170 and achieve 12 tons of CO 2 savings through the system’s life span, providing much improved marginal abatement costs over systems with battery storage.

Why do we need a solar storage system?

The storage system is used to compensate for the volatility inherent to renewable energy because of the significant increase in installed wind and solar generation capacity in future , . CCGTs and interconnectors are used to meet the remainder of the total generation requirement.

What is the charging efficiency of pumped hydro storage system?

The charging efficiency of the storage system is 75% for the modelling . According to the energy capacity and power of operational pumped hydro storage stations in 2016 , the maximum storage power of the storage system is assumed to be one-tenth of the energy storage capacity.

How are storage systems based on MEFs and electricity tariffs?

The storage systems of different strategies are modelled separately based on the time-varying MEFs and electricity tariffs. The MEFs in 2030 and 2050 are estimated by a dispatch model built on the basis of the capacity of different generation types in the CR Scenario.

Can battery storage reduce life cycle cost?

Battery storage systems are expensive, limiting their widescale deployment, however improvements in battery production that increase life span could potentially serve to reduce life cycle cost.