What are the standardized energy-saving metrics for a base station?

(1) Energy-saving reward: after choosing a shallower sleep strategy for a base station, the system may save more energy if a deeper sleep mode can be chosen, and in this paper, the standardized energy-saving metrics are defined as (18) R i e = E S M = 0 E S M = i E S M = 0 E S M = 3

What is threshold-based base station sleep strategy?

Threshold-based base station sleep strategy is a common base station management method in wireless communication networks, which adjusts the operating state of the base station to save energy and improve resource utilization by dynamically setting appropriate thresholds.

What is base station dormancy?

In response to the problem of high network energy consumption caused by the dense deployment of SBS, the base station dormancy technique is seen as an effective solution, as it does not require changes to the current network architecture and is relatively simple to implement. This technique was first proposed in the IEEE 802.11b protocol .

How does distributed execution affect base station control?

In the distributed execution phase, each actor network makes decisions independently based only on its own network and observations, and although each actor executes independently, the whole system is able to obtain a better base station control strategy because their strategies are based on the results of global optimization. Fig. 2.

Does a base station sleep affect quality of service (QoS)?

While base station sleeping and antenna switching techniques can be effective in saving energy, they can have an impact on the Quality of Service (QoS) of users. While the base station is sleeping, the User Equipment (UE) must wait for the base station to recover or find another available base station.

Why do base stations waste so much energy?

When there is little or no communication activity, base stations typically consume more than 80% of their peak power consumption, leading to significant energy waste . This energy waste not only increases operational costs, but also burdens the environment, which is contrary to global sustainability goals .