What infrastructure is needed for multi-energy-vector powered EVs?

Infrastructure for multi-energy-vector powered EVs: Multi-energy powered EVs require the establishment of multi-vector energy charging stations and associated infrastructure, as well as the access to rapidly updated charge station locations through e.g. GPS and mobile phone apps.

Are tengs a sustainable power supply?

TENGs have been utilised to harvest various forms of energy as a sustainable electrical power supply. Mao et al. and Bhamre et al. scavenged friction energy from rolling tyres through a single-electrode TENG for improving travelling range of EVs. Their energy conversion efficiency was reported as 10.4%.

What are the challenges faced by mobile energy recovery and storage technologies?

There are a number of challenges for these mobile energy recovery and storage technologies. Among main ones are - The lack of existing infrastructure and services for multi-vector energy EV charging.

What is the power output of a car at 108 km/h?

The power output has been shown to reach 42.08 W at a vehicle speed 108 km/h . Such an electrical output is sufficient for powering the on-board electronics such as charging a mobile phone .

What are thermal energy storage technologies?

Thermal energy storage technologies enable the desired heat or coldness to originate from centralised thermal generating facilities (with a higher system level efficiency due to shorter conversion and transmission chain) instead of a standalone on-board air conditioning system (with a lower system level efficiency).

How does a PCM affect the travel range of EVs?

The PCM is supposed to have a phase change temperature around the comfort temperature which is lower/higher than the ambient temperature in summer/winter, respectively. In this way, the energy consumption of the compressor can be reduced, and hence the travelling range of EVs can be increased.